C Sharp Extension method

Extension method: An Overview

An extension method is a static method of a static class that can be invoked using the instance method syntax. Extension methods are used to add new behaviors to an existing type without altering them. In the extension method "this" keyword is used with the first parameter and the type of the first parameter will be the type that is extended by the extension method. Conceptually, extension methods provide an implementation of the decorator's structural pattern. At compile time an extension method call is translated into an ordinary static method call. In this C# Tutorial, we will explore more about the C Sharp Extension method.

A Simple Extension Method Example

 //defining extension method
public static class MyExtensions
{
 public static int WordCount(this String str)
 {
 return str.Split(new char[] { ' ', '.', ',' }).Length;
 }
} 

class Program
{
 public static void Main()
 {
 string s = "Dot Net Tricks Extension Method Example";
 
 //calling extension method
 int i = s.WordCount();

 Console.WriteLine(i);
 }
}
 

output:

 6

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Extension Methods Chaining

Like instance methods, extension methods also have the chaining capability.

 public static class ExtensionClass
{
public static string Pluralize (this string s) {...}
public static string Capitalize (this string s) {...}
}
//we can do chainig of above methods like as
string x = "Products".Pluralize().Capitalize(); 

Ambiguity, resolution, and precedence of extension method

To use an extension method, it should be in the same scope as the class. If two extension methods have the same signature,the more specific method takes precedence.

 static class StringExtension
{ // first method
 public static bool IsCapitalized (this string s) {...}
}
static class ObjectExtension
{
 // second method
 public static bool IsCapitalized (this object s) {...}
}
// code here
// first method is called
bool flag1 = "Dotnet-Tricks".IsCapitalized(); 
// second method is called
bool test2 = (ObjectHelper.IsCapitalized ("Dotnet-Tricks"));  

Key points about extension methods

1. An extension method is defined as a static method but it is called an instance method.

2. An extension method first parameter specifies the type of the extended object, and it is preceded by the "this" keyword.

3. An extension method having the same name and signature as an instance method will never be called since it has a lower priority than an instance method.

4. An extension method couldn't override the existing instance methods.

5. An extension method cannot be used with fields, properties, or events.

6. The compiler doesn't cause an error if two extension methods with the same name and signature are defined in two different namespaces and these namespaces are included in the same class file using directives. The compiler will cause an error if you try to call one of the extension methods.

Benefits of extension methods

• It allows existing classes to be extended without relying on inheritance or changing the class's source code.
•  There is no concept of extending its functionality If the class is sealed. For this, a new concept is introduced, in other words, extension methods.
• It is used for the dynamism of the C# enhancements in your class's design.

Summary

In this article, I try to explain the extension method and its various uses with examples. I hope after reading this article you will be able to use this trick in LINQ query. I would like to have feedback from my blog readers. Please post your feedback, questions, or comments about this article. Also, Consider our C# Programming Course for a better understanding of all C# concepts.

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