A Look into HTML5 New Elements

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25 Aug 2022

Beginner

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In the earlier articles, we have seen the advent of HTML; have learned about various elements, and tags that make HTML wonderful. In this article, we are going to learn about the legacy problems solved by HTML5 and new pieces of stuff which were introduced with HTML5.

The W3C HTML5 specification has introduced the collection of new HTML tags to define the semantic/structural elements, text-formatting instructions, form controls, input types, audio, video, and many more other exciting elements. This article will describe all of the new HTML 5 tags along with updates to an existing tag that enhance the capabilities of the HTML document to the next level.

The HTML5 is the latest upgrade of the previous HTML 4 version, which consists of a different set of new features, advanced functional features, having better page views, and many other extensive improvements to match with the growing technological needs. Based on the latest version of HTML5, the most used and desired elements such as the <footer>, <article>, <figure>, <figcaption>, <section>, <header>, <main>,<mark>,<nav>, and the <summary> elements. All these new tags or the DOM elements of the HTML 5 enable us to integrate far better and the user-friendly interfaces, along with the higher performance rates, efficient results, easy to be configuration, and the overall code implementation, and in the end, it allows us to have a best possible crafting experience of the applications.

Problem solved by HTML5

In HTML4 semantic sections of the document were differentiated by various <div> elements. HTML5 solves this issue by introducing various new sectioning elements such as <section>, <article>,<aside>, <header>, <footer> etc.This makes the HTML5 outline algorithm to read the document in a more precise and up to mark way. Let’s start with the list of new HTML5 elements and their respective descriptions.

HTML5 Element

Description

As the name suggests, it’s a separate section used to include a blog, a forum post, a magazine article, etc. And to be more specific, the content within the <article> tag is completely independent of the other child or surrounding content of the web app.

<aside>

As the name suggests, it’s used to include some extra information regarding the main content. This tag basically identifies the content that is related to the primary content of the web page but it does not de-consider the main goal of the primary page requirement. The new <aside> tag primarily contains the author information, links, related content, and other useful content.

<bdi>

It’s used to isolate the enclosed text which may be formatted in a way different than the texts outside this tag.

Creates an interactive section, which when clicked will display its information.

< dialog>

Used to include a dialog box in the web page.

Used to include caption for an image inside a <figure> element.

Used to basically represent an image and its caption. this element is used to indicate the individual content as an image, categorizations, maps, code articles, and many other elements.

Used to include footer content in the web page, like licensing information, copyright information, etc.

Used to include header content in the web page, like information about the page, summary, etc.

<main>

Used to include the main centralized topic of the web page.

<mark>

Used to highlight a piece of content on the web page.

<meter>

Used to include a scalar/fractional value within a provided range, not to be confused with the <progress> element.

<nav>

Used to provide navigational links, ex: menus.

Used to include a progress bar on the web page. The value of the progress bar starts with 0 and goes to 100 as a number.

<ruby>

Used to include a ruby annotation. Ex: Japanese characters

<rp>

Used to include parentheses in a ruby character.

<rt>

Used to include pronunciation of a ruby annotation.

Used to represent a section on the web page.

Used to include the information within a <details> element, click on the <summary> element would display the info.

<time>

Used to include the Date/Time component in a web page.

<wbr>

Used to include a word break.

Sort of a drop-down list, set of options.

Used to display the result of a calculation on the web page.

Used to draw animations and graphics on a web page. And its acts as a container for the other graphics elements to be placed within.

<audio>

Used to include audio content on the web page such as playback songs or the tunes.

<embed>

Used to include external plug-ins on the web page. In other words, the embed element is used for embedding the external applications or iframes into the existing layout that are generally multimedia content like audio or the video content as a playback into an HTML document. Generally, this element is used as a wrapper or the container for embedding plug-ins such as flash-based animations, and third-party videos through the script.

Used to specify multiple media resources for the <audio>, <video>, <picture> elements.

<track>

Used within an <audio> or <video> element to handle subtitles, captions, descriptions, etc. of a video or audio on the web page, in other words, it specifies the tracks for the audio and video elements.

<video>

Used to include video content on the web page.

BROWSER COMPATIBILITY

Let’s have a look at the browser compatibility of the above HTML5 elements.

Element

Yes

<aside>

Yes

<bdi>

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

< dialog>

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

<main>

Yes

<mark>

Yes

<meter>

Yes

<nav>

Yes

Yes

<ruby>

Yes

<rp>

Yes

<rt>

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

<time>

Yes

<wbr>

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

<audio>

Yes

<embed>

Yes

Yes

<track>

Yes

<track>

Yes

<video>

Yes

Code Examples of the above new HTML5 elements

 <!DOCTYPE html> 
 <html> 
 <head> 
 <meta charset="utf-8" /> 
 <title>HTML5</title> 
 <link href="StyleSheet.css" rel="stylesheet" /> 
 </head> 
 <body> 
 <h3><code>article</code> element example:</h3> 
 <article> 
 <h1>FIFA World Cup 2018</h1> 
 <article> 
 <h2>Winners</h2> 
 <p>France</p> 
 </article> 
 <article> 
 <h2>Runners Up</h2> 
 <p>Croatia</p> 
 </article> 
 <article> 
 <h2>3rd Place</h2> 
 <p>Belgium</p> 
 </article> 
 </article> 
 
 <h3><code>aside</code> element example:</h3> 
 <p>Jurassic World 2018</p> 
 <aside> 
 <p> 
 <i> 
 Dinosaurs appeared around 243 million years ago <br> 
 and were from Reptiles family. 
 </i> 
 </p> 
 </aside> 
 
 <h3><code>details</code> element example:</h3> 
 <details> 
 <summary>Details</summary> 
 Description of the detail. 
 </details> 
 
 <h3><code>dialog</code> element example:</h3> 
 <dialog open>This is a dialog window</dialog> 
 
 <h3><code>figure figcaption</code> elements example:</h3> 
 <figure> 
 <img src="https://blog.bufferapp.com/wp-content/https://dotnettrickscloud.blob.core.windows.net/uploads/2014/05/dreamstimefree_169606.jpg" alt="Coffee" height="100" width="100" /> 
 <figcaption>Coffee Beans</figcaption> 
 </figure> 
 
 <h3><code>footer</code> element example:</h3> 
 <footer> 
 <p>Copyright 2018</p> 
 <p> 
 Please contact: <a href="mailto:abcd@gmail.com"> 
 abcd@gmail.com 
 </a>. 
 </p> 
 </footer> 
 
 <h3><code>header</code> element example:</h3> 
 <header> 
 <h1>Very important text</h1> 
 </header> 
 <p>Lorem Ipsum dolor set amet....</p> 
 <h3><code>main</code> element example:</h3> 
 <main> 
 <h1>Operating Systems.</h1> 
 <p>Windows, Linux, MacOs.</p> 
 <article> 
 <h1>Windows</h1> 
 <p> 
 Provided by Microsoft. 
 </p> 
 </article> 
 <article> 
 <h1>Linux</h1> 
 <p>Various distributions, Open Source.</p> 
 </article> 
 <article> 
 <h1>MacOS</h1> 
 <p>Provided by Apple.</p> 
 </article> 
 </main> 
 
 <h3><code>mark</code> element example:</h3> 
 <mark>Hello There!!</mark> 

 <h3><code>meter</code> element example:</h3> 
 <meter value="0.4">40 %</meter> 
 
 <h3><code>nav</code> element example:</h3> 
 <nav> 
 <a href="http://www.google.com">Google</a> | 
 <a href="http://www.facebook.com">Facebook</a> | 
 <a href="http://www.apple.com">Apple</a> | 
 <a href="http://www.microsoft.com">Microsoft</a> 
 </nav> 
 
 <h3><code>progress</code> element example:</h3> 
 <div> 
 <label for="download">Download progress</label> 
 <progress id="download" name="download" max="100" value="40"> 
 40% 
 </progress> 
 </div> 
 
 <h3><code>ruby, rt, rp</code> elements example:</h3> 
 <ruby> 
 ? <rt><rp>(</rp>??`<rp>)</rp></rt> 
 </ruby> 
 
 <h3><code>section</code> element example:</h3> 
 <section> 
 <h1>Linux</h1> 
 <p>Open Source OS, various distros such as Ubuntu, Fedore, CentOS, Suse etc.</p> 
 </section> 
 
 <h3><code>summary</code> element example:</h3> 
 <details> 
 <summary>What's the verdict?</summary> 
 Test Cases have passed. 
 </details> 
 
 <h3><code>time</code> element example:</h3> 
 <p>The time is<time>10:00</time> now.</p> 
 <p>Let's meet on <time datetime="2018-09-21 21:00">Wednesday</time>.</p> 
 
 <h3><code>datalist</code> element example:</h3> 
 <label for="car-choice">Choose a car:</label> 
 <input list="car-list" id="car-choice" name="car-choice" /> 
 <datalist id="car-list"> 
 <option value="i20"> 
 <option value="Fortuner"> 
 <option value="Beetle"> 
 <option value="Polo"> 
 <option value="Santro"> 
 </datalist> 
 
 <h3><code>canvas</code> element example:</h3> 
 <canvas id="sampleCanvas">Your browser does not support canvas tag.</canvas> 
 <script> 
 var canvas = document.getElementById("sampleCanvas"); 
 var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d"); 
 ctx.fillStyle = "#80FF00"; 
 ctx.fillRect(0, 0, 80, 100); 
 </script> 
 
 <h3><code>audio</code> element example</h3> 
 <audio controls src="http://soundbible.com/mp3/Tyrannosaurus%20Rex%20Roar-SoundBible.com-807702404.mp3"> 
 Your browser does not support the 
 <code>audio</code> element. 
 </audio> 
 
 <h3><code>video</code> element example:</h3> 
 <video controls 
 muted 
 src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/b3sp1egBb0s" 
 width="300" 
 height="200"> 
 Your browser doesn't support videos. 
 </video> 
 
 <h3><code>embed</code> element example:</h3> 
 <embed src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/b3sp1egBb0s" /> 
 </body> 
 </html>

Outputs of the above code snippets in the browser are something as below

HTML5 New Way of Declaring Attributes

HTML5 has introduced 4 different ways to declare an attribute, let’s have a look at them.

Type

Example

Empty

Unquoted

Double-quoted

Single-quoted

HTML5 has introduced a few new input types as well; let’s have a look at them.

color
datetime
datetime-local
email
month
range
search
tel
time
URL
week

HTML5 codes for the above input types are as below

 
<!DOCTYPE html> 
 <html> 
 <head> 
 <meta charset="utf-8" /> 
 <title>HTML5</title> 
 <link href="StyleSheet.css" rel="stylesheet" /> 
 </head> 
 <body> 
 <form> 
 <h3>Color:</h3> 
 <input type="color" name="differentColor"> 
 
 <h3>Date:</h3> 
 <input type="date" name="whichDate"> 
 
 <h3>DateTime:</h3> 
 <input type="datetime" name="todayDatetime"> 
 
 <h3>DateTime-Local:</h3> 
 <input type="datetime-local" name="local"> 
 
 <h3>Email:</h3> 
 <input type="email" name="personalEmail"> 
 
 <h3>File:</h3> 
 <input type="file" name="attachment"> 
 
 <h3>Month:</h3> 
 <input type="month" name="auspiciousMonth"> 
 
 <h3>Number:</h3> 
 <input type="number" name="quantity"> 
 
 <h3>Range:</h3> 
 <input type="range" name="listOfNumbers"> 
 
 <h3>Search:</h3> 
 <input type="search" name="localSearch"> 
 
 <h3>Tel:</h3> 
 <input type="tel" name="telephone"> 
 
 <h3>Time:</h3> 
 <input type="time" name="userTime"> 
 
 <h3>Url:</h3> 
 <input type="url" name="siteUrl"> 
 
 <h3>Week:</h3> 
 <input type="week" name="valentineWeek"> 
 </form> 
</body> 
 </html>

New input types have given us the liberty to map almost any kind of input to the server-side code without having to write mapping/plumbing code at the front end. Also, these provide some kind of validations as well.

For ex: the input type=”email”, validates the standard email pattern.

SUMMARY

So far, we have seen how the new set of HTML5 elements can be useful for a variety of tasks while working with the feature-full layout development. All these new collections of elements read the document in a more accurate and a standard way to develop more complex and efficient web apps around the document object model (DOM). The use of new HTML5 elements provides some additional features to work towards the goal of highly interactive websites.

In this article, we have deep-dived into the newer HTML5 elements, the newer input type attributes, 4 ways of declaring HTML5 attributes, etc. In the articles to follow, we shall see about the HTML5 APIs and other kinds of stuff.