Operators in Python

Operators are foundation of any programming language and same applicable for Python. Operators are special symbol which help to carry out mathematical and logical computations. The values on which operators operate are know as operands.

>>> 2 + 6
>>>8

Here ‘+’ is an arithmetic operator. In above example 2 and 6 are the operands and ‘+’ is the operator.

Python Arithmetic operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication etc. Arithmetic operators available in Python are : ‘+’ , ‘-’, ‘/’, ‘*’, ‘%’, ‘//’, ‘**’

Examples of Arithmetic Operator

x = 10
y = 5
 
# Addition of values 
add = x + y 
# Subtraction of values 
sub = x - y 
# Multiplication of values 
mult = x * y 
# Division(float) of values 
div_float = x / y 
# Division(floor) of values 
div_floor = x // y 
# Modulo of both values 
modu = x % y 
 
# print results 
print(“Addition result :- ”,add) 
print(“Subtraction result :- ”, sub)
print(“Multiplication result :- ”,mult) 
print(“Division float result :- ”, div_float) 
print(“Division floor result :- ”, div_floor) 
print(“Modulo result :- ”, modu)

Addition result :- 15
Subtraction result :- 5
Multiplication result :- 50
Division float result :- 2.0
Division floor result :- 2
Modulo result :- 0

Python Comparison operators

Comparison operators are also called relational operators as they decides the relation between two operands. It returns either a “True” or “False” according to condition. Arithmetic operators available in Python are : ‘<’ , ‘>’, ‘==’, ‘!=’, ‘<=’, ‘>=’

Examples of Comparison Operator

 
x = 20
y = 30
 
# x > y is False 
print(x > y) 
 
# x < y is True 
print(x < y) 
 
# x == y is False 
print(x == y) 
 
# x != y is True 
print(x != y) 
 
# x >= y is False 
print(x >= y) 
 
# x <= y is True 
print(x <= y) 

False
True
False
True
False
True

Python Logical operators

Logical operators performs operations like Logical AND, Logical OR and Logical NOT. Logical operators available in Python are : ‘AND’ , ‘OR’, ‘NOT’. Logical Operators are also used to combine multiple conditions.

Examples of Logical Operator

 
X = True
Y = False
 
# AND operation 
print(X AND Y)
# OR operation 
print(X OR Y)
# NOT Operation 
print(NOT Y)

 
False
True
True

Python Bitwise operators

Bitwise operators works on bits and perform bit by bit operation on operands. Bitwise operators available in Python are : ‘&’ , ‘|’, ‘~’, ‘^’, ‘>>’, ‘<<’.

Examples of Bitwise Operator

x = 10
y = 5
 
# Bitwise AND operation 
print(x & y) 
# Bitwise OR operation 
print(x | y)
# Bitwise complement 
print(~x)
# Bitwise XOR operator 
print(x ^ y)
# Bitwise Right shift operator 
print(x>> 2)
# Bitwise Left shift operator 
print(x<< 2)

0
15
-11
15
2
40

Python Assignment operators

Assignment operators are used assign a value to operand. Assignment operators available in Python are : ‘=’, ‘+=’ , ‘-=’, ‘/=’, ‘*=’, ‘%=’, ‘//=’, ‘**=’, ‘&=’, ‘|=’, ‘^=’, ‘>>=’, ‘<<=’.

Examples of Assignment Operator

 
# Assignment
x = 5
print(“ Assignment :-”, x)

# Addition AND
x += 3
print(“ Addition :-”, x)

#Subtraction AND
x -= 3
print(“ Subtraction :-”, x)

#Multiplication AND
x *= 3
print(“ Multiplication :-”, x)

#Division AND
x /= 3
print(“ Division :-”, x)

#Exponent AND
x **= 3
print(“ Exponent :-”, x)

#Division Floor
x = 125
x //= 3
print(“ Division floor :-”, x)

#Modulus AND
x %= 3
print(“Modulus :-”, x)


#Bitwise AND
x = 5
x &= 3
print(“ Bitwise AND :-”, x)

#Bitwise OR
x = 5
x |= 3
print(“ Bitwise OR :-”, x)

#Bitwise XOR
x = 5
x ^= 3
print(“ Bitwise XOR :-”, x)

#Bitwise right shift
x = 5
x>>= 3
print(“ Bitwise right shift :-”, x)


#Bitwise left shift
x = 5
x <<= 3 
print(“ Bitwise left shift :-”, x)

 
Assignment :- 5
Addition :- 8
Subtraction :- 5
Multiplication :- 15
Division :- 5.0
Exponent :- 125.0
Division floor :- 41
Modulus :- 2
Bitwise AND :- 1
Bitwise OR :- 7
Bitwise XOR :- 6
Bitwise right shift :- 0
Bitwise left shift :- 40

Python Special operators

Identity Operator “is” and “is not” are identity operators in Python. Identity operators are used to check if objects resides in same memory locations. Values is same doesn’t mean they resides in same memory location

Examples of Identity operators

 
x = 5
y = 5

a = “dotnettricks”
b = “dotnettricks”

d = [1,2,3]
e = [1,2,3]

print(x is not y)
print(a is b)
print(d is e) # False since lists are mutable

False
True
False

Membership Operator - Membership operators are used to test whether a value or variable is in present in sequence. ‘in’ and ‘not in’ are membership operators available in Python.

Examples of membership operators

a = “dotnettricks”
b = {2: ‘a’, 3: ‘b’}
d = [1,2,3]

print("dot" in a)
print("net" not in a)
print(2 in b) # 
print(3 in d)

True
False
True
True

Operators Precedence in Python

Below is lists of all operators from highest precedence to lowest.

Summary

Python has all the operators which are available in other languages. There are more ways and different syntax are available to implement those operators in Python and some operators might have different meanings in other programming languages and somewhat different in Python.

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