Operators in Python

02 Sep 2022

Intermediate

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11 min read

Operators are foundation of any programming language and same applicable for Python. Operators are special symbol which help to carry out mathematical and logical computations. The values on which operators operate are know as operands.

For Example

>>> 2 + 6
>>>8

Here ‘+’ is an arithmetic operator. In above example 2 and 6 are the operands and ‘+’ is the operator.

Python Arithmetic operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication etc. Arithmetic operators available in Python are : ‘+’ , ‘-’, ‘/’, ‘*’, ‘%’, ‘//’, ‘**’

Operator

Meaning

Syntax

+ Addition

Add two operands or just a unary plus operator

x + y

- Subtraction

Subtracts right hand side operator from left side or unary minus

x - y

* Multiplication

Multiplies operands

x * y

/ Division(float)

Division (float): divides the first operand by the second

x/y

// Division(floor)

Floor division - division that results into whole number

x//y

% Modulus

Modulus : Gives the remainder when first operand is divided by other

x % y

** Exponent

left value raised to the power of right

x**y

Examples of Arithmetic Operator

x = 10
y = 5
 
# Addition of values 
add = x + y 
# Subtraction of values 
sub = x - y 
# Multiplication of values 
mult = x * y 
# Division(float) of values 
div_float = x / y 
# Division(floor) of values 
div_floor = x // y 
# Modulo of both values 
modu = x % y 
 
# print results 
print(“Addition result :- ”,add) 
print(“Subtraction result :- ”, sub)
print(“Multiplication result :- ”,mult) 
print(“Division float result :- ”, div_float) 
print(“Division floor result :- ”, div_floor) 
print(“Modulo result :- ”, modu)

Output

Addition result :- 15
Subtraction result :- 5
Multiplication result :- 50
Division float result :- 2.0
Division floor result :- 2
Modulo result :- 0

Python Comparison operators

Comparison operators are also called relational operators as they decides the relation between two operands. It returns either a “True” or “False” according to condition. Arithmetic operators available in Python are : ‘<’ , ‘>’, ‘==’, ‘!=’, ‘<=’, ‘>=’

Operator

Meaning

Syntax

> Greater than

Returns True if Left operand is greater than right

x > y

< Less than

Return True if Left operand is less than right.

x < y

== Equal to

Returns True if both the operands are equal

x == y

!= Not Equal to

(<>)Returns True if left operand is not equal to right operand.

x != y

<= Less than Equal to

Returns True if left operand is less or equal to the right operand.

x <= y

> = Greater than Equal to

Returns True if left operand is greater or equal to the right operand.

x >= y

Examples of Comparison Operator

 
x = 20
y = 30
 
# x > y is False 
print(x > y) 
 
# x < y is True 
print(x < y) 
 
# x == y is False 
print(x == y) 
 
# x != y is True 
print(x != y) 
 
# x >= y is False 
print(x >= y) 
 
# x <= y is True 
print(x <= y)

Output

False
True
False
True
False
True

Python Logical operators

Logical operators performs operations like Logical AND, Logical OR and Logical NOT. Logical operators available in Python are : ‘AND’ , ‘OR’, ‘NOT’. Logical Operators are also used to combine multiple conditions.

Operator

Meaning

Syntax

AND

Returns True if both the operands are True.

X AND Y

Returns True if any one operand is True either left or right.

X OR Y

NOT

Complements the Operand will return True if operand is false

NOT X

Examples of Logical Operator

 
X = True
Y = False
 
# AND operation 
print(X AND Y)
# OR operation 
print(X OR Y)
# NOT Operation 
print(NOT Y)

Output

 
False
True
True

Python Bitwise operators

Bitwise operators works on bits and perform bit by bit operation on operands. Bitwise operators available in Python are : ‘&’ , ‘|’, ‘~’, ‘^’, ‘>>’, ‘<<’.

Operator

Meaning

Syntax

& Bitwise AND

Sets bit if it’s present in both operands

x & y

| Bitwise OR

Set bit if present in any of operands.

x | y

~ Binary Ones Complement

Inverts all the bits

^ X-OR operator

the bit if it is set in one operand but not both.

x ^ y

>> Bitwise Right Shift

Shift right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left, and let the rightmost bits fall off

x>>

<< Bitwise Left shift

Shift left by pushing zeros in from the right and let the leftmost bits fall off

x<<

Examples of Bitwise Operator

x = 10
y = 5
 
# Bitwise AND operation 
print(x & y) 
# Bitwise OR operation 
print(x | y)
# Bitwise complement 
print(~x)
# Bitwise XOR operator 
print(x ^ y)
# Bitwise Right shift operator 
print(x>> 2)
# Bitwise Left shift operator 
print(x<< 2)

Output

Python Assignment operators

Assignment operators are used assign a value to operand. Assignment operators available in Python are : ‘=’, ‘+=’ , ‘-=’, ‘/=’, ‘*=’, ‘%=’, ‘//=’, ‘**=’, ‘&=’, ‘|=’, ‘^=’, ‘>>=’, ‘<<=’.

Operator

Meaning

Syntax

Assign right side value to left side operand

x = y + z

+= add AND

adds right side operand to left and assign result to left side.

z += x same as, z = z + x

-= subtract AND

subtracts right side operand from left and assign result to right side.

x -= y same as, x = x - y

*= multiply AND

Multiply right side operand from left and assign result to right side.

x *=y same as, x = x * y

/= division AND

Division right side operand from left and assign result to right side.

x /=y same as, x = x / y

//= Division(floor) AND

Division floor right side operand from left and assign result to right side.

x //= y same as, x = x // y

%= Modulus AND

It modules two operand and assign result to left operand.

x %= y, same as, x = x % y

**= Exponent AND

Performs exponential on operators and assign value to the left operand

x** =y same as, x = x ** y

&= Bitwise AND

Bitwise AND operation is performed on operand and assigned value to the left operand

x&=y, x=x&y

|= Bitwise OR

Bitwise OR operation is performed on operand and assigned value to the left operand

x|=y, x=x|y

^= Bitwise XOR

Bitwise XOR operation is performed on operand and assigned value to the left operand

x^=y, x=x^y

>>= Bitwise right-shift

Bitwise right-shift operation is performed on operand and assigned value to the left operand

x>>=y, x=x>>y

<<= Bitwise left-shift

Bitwise left-shift operation is performed on operand and assigned value to the left operand

x <<= y, x= x << y

Examples of Assignment Operator

 
# Assignment
x = 5
print(“ Assignment :-”, x)

# Addition AND
x += 3
print(“ Addition :-”, x)

#Subtraction AND
x -= 3
print(“ Subtraction :-”, x)

#Multiplication AND
x *= 3
print(“ Multiplication :-”, x)

#Division AND
x /= 3
print(“ Division :-”, x)

#Exponent AND
x **= 3
print(“ Exponent :-”, x)

#Division Floor
x = 125
x //= 3
print(“ Division floor :-”, x)

#Modulus AND
x %= 3
print(“Modulus :-”, x)


#Bitwise AND
x = 5
x &= 3
print(“ Bitwise AND :-”, x)

#Bitwise OR
x = 5
x |= 3
print(“ Bitwise OR :-”, x)

#Bitwise XOR
x = 5
x ^= 3
print(“ Bitwise XOR :-”, x)

#Bitwise right shift
x = 5
x>>= 3
print(“ Bitwise right shift :-”, x)


#Bitwise left shift
x = 5
x <<= 3 
print(“ Bitwise left shift :-”, x)

Output

 
Assignment :- 5
Addition :- 8
Subtraction :- 5
Multiplication :- 15
Division :- 5.0
Exponent :- 125.0
Division floor :- 41
Modulus :- 2
Bitwise AND :- 1
Bitwise OR :- 7
Bitwise XOR :- 6
Bitwise right shift :- 0
Bitwise left shift :- 40

Python Special operators

Identity Operator “is” and “is not” are identity operators in Python. Identity operators are used to check if objects resides in same memory locations. Values is same doesn’t mean they resides in same memory location

operator

Meaning

Syntax

Returns true if operands are identical

x is y

is not

Returns true if operands are not identical

x is not y

Examples of Identity operators

 
x = 5
y = 5

a = “dotnettricks”
b = “dotnettricks”

d = [1,2,3]
e = [1,2,3]

print(x is not y)
print(a is b)
print(d is e) # False since lists are mutable

Output

False
True
False

Membership Operator - Membership operators are used to test whether a value or variable is in present in sequence. ‘in’ and ‘not in’ are membership operators available in Python.

Operator

Meaning

Syntax

Returns true if specified value is present in sequence

x in y

not in

Returns true if specified value is not present in sequence

x not in y

Examples of membership operators

a = “dotnettricks”
b = {2: ‘a’, 3: ‘b’}
d = [1,2,3]

print("dot" in a)
print("net" not in a)
print(2 in b) # 
print(3 in d)

Output

True
False
True
True

Operators Precedence in Python

Below is lists of all operators from highest precedence to lowest.

Sr. No,

Description

** Exponent

~+- Complement, unary plus, unary minus

* / % //Multiply, Divide, Modulo, divide floor

+-Addition Subtraction

>><<Right Left bitwise Shift

&Bitwise AND

^|Bitwise Exclusive OR , Regular OR

<> <=>=Comparison Operators

== != <>Equality Operator

10.

= %= /= //= -= += *= **=Assignment Operators

11.

is is not Identity Operator

12.

in not in Membership Operator

13.

not or and Logical Operators

Summary

Python has all the operators which are available in other languages. There are more ways and different syntax are available to implement those operators in Python and some operators might have different meanings in other programming languages and somewhat different in Python.

Beginner

Intermediate

Questions

Operators in Python

Python Arithmetic operators

Examples of Arithmetic Operator

Python Comparison operators

Examples of Comparison Operator

Python Logical operators

Examples of Logical Operator

Python Bitwise operators

Examples of Bitwise Operator

Python Assignment operators

Examples of Assignment Operator

Python Special operators

Examples of Identity operators

Examples of membership operators

Operators Precedence in Python

Summary

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