Constants in C language

What are Constants in C?

This tutorial will cover Constants in C. Constants refer to the fixed values that do not change during the execution of a program. A "constant" is a number, character, or character string that can be used as a value in a program. Use constants to represent floating-point, integer, enumeration, or character values that cannot be modified. C supports several types of constants that I am discussing in this article.

There may be a situation in programming where the value of certain variables remains constant during the execution of a program. In doing so we can use a qualifier const at the time of initialization.

Example

const float pie =3.147;
const int radius =4;
const char c = 'A';
const char name[] = "Samina Kauser";

In C constant can also be used using the preprocessor directive

Example

 #define FIRST_NUMBER 1

Note

1. const is a new data type qualifier in C defined by ANSI

Types of Constants in C Language

1. Primary Constant

   Primary Constant has the following sub categories

   • Integer Constant

   • Real constant

   • Character constant

2. Secondary Constant

   Secondary Constant have the following sub categories

   • Array

   • Pointer Structure

   • Union

   • Enum

Read More: Top 50 Mostly Asked C Interview Questions and Answers

Using Constant In Our Program

(a) Constant definitions typically follow the #include directives at the top of C source code in the C Editor:

#include<stdio.h>
#define SPEEDLIMIT 55
#define RATE 15
#define FIRST_TICKET 85
#define SECOND_TICKET 95
#define THIRD_TICKET 100
int main()
 { 
 int total,fine,speeding; puts("Speeding Tickets\n"); 
/* first ticket */ 
speeding = FIRST_TICKET - SPEEDLIMIT; 
 fine = speeding * RATE; 
 total = total + fine;
 printf("For going %d in a %d zone: $%d\n",FIRST_TICKET,SPEEDLIMIT,fine); 
/* second ticket */ 
 speeding = SECOND_TICKET - SPEEDLIMIT; 
 fine = speeding * RATE; 
 total = total + fine;
 printf("For going %d in a %d zone: $%d\n",SECOND_TICKET,SPEEDLIMIT,fine); 
/* third ticket */ 
speeding = THIRD_TICKET - SPEEDLIMIT; 
 fine = speeding * RATE; 
 total = total + fine;
 printf("For going %d in a %d zone: $%d\n",THIRD_TICKET,SPEEDLIMIT,fine); 
/* Display total */
 printf("\nTotal in fines: $%d\n",total);
 return(0);
 } 

Output

Speeding Tickets

For going 85 in a 55 zone: $450
For going 95 in a 55 zone: $600
For going 100 in a 55 zone: $675

Total in fines: $1725

(b) Constant using const keyword C programming:

When declaring a const variable, it is possible to put const either before or after the type: that is, both

 int const a = 15; 

Or

 const int x = 15; 

Following is a simple example

 main() 
{
 const float pi = 3.14;
 float area_of_circle;
 area_of_circle = pi*r*r;
 printf("Area of circle is :%f",area_of_circle);
 } 

What do you think?

In this article, I try to explain the concept of constants their usage, and their types in C language. I hope you will benefit from this article.

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